Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention

The Combat Experiences Questionnaire (CEQ; Carvalho et al., 2015) is a self-report questionnaire aimed at the assessment of experiences related with the military combat experiences of war veterans. The CEQ has two independent sections composed of the same combat scenarios, common to contemporary and older theaters of operations. The Exposure to Combat Severity Scale (CEQ A; Carvalho, Pinto-Gouveia, Cunha, & da Motta, 2014) and the Combat Distress Scale (CEQ B; Carvalho, Cunha, Pinto-Gouveia & da Motta, 2015) assess the severity of exposure to these scenarios and the distress experienced upon exposure to those scenarios, respectively. Studies included structural analysis through Rash Model, internal consistency, convergent validity (n = 708), temporal reliability (n = 112) and sensibility to differentiate war Veterans with and without war-related PTSD (N = 40 and N = 47, respectively). The scales’ structure presented adequate fit to the data, excellent internal consistency, high temporal stability, adequate convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Thus, the CEQ is a valid and reliable tool presenting diverse combat scenarios, allowing the assessment of both the severity and the resulting distress of combat exposure in war Veterans.